Zameen ke muqadmon mein “qabza-e-mukhalif” (adverse possession) wo nuqta hai jo aksar faislay ka rukh badal deta hai. Jab koi shakhs dusre ki zameen par bina ijazat, khulay aam aur musalsal qabza karke use apni zameen samajhne lagta hai, to qanoon ek muddat ke baad use haq de deta hai. Is liye malik aur qabza karne wale dono ke liye is muddat ka ilm hona bohat zaroori hai.
Patwari ke daftar mein roz girdawari, qabze ki report aur malkiat ke dawe darj hote hain. Jo patwari ya kisan is qanoon ko samajhta hai, wo waqt par sahi qadam utha sakta hai. Aaj ka quiz isi aham nuqte par hai.
Aaj ka sawal
Qabza-e-mukhalif ke liye kitna arsa chahiye?
- A) 5 saal
- B) 12 saal
- C) 20 saal
- D) 3 saal
Durust jawab: B) 12 saal
Limitation Act 1908 ke Section 28 ke tehat, agar koi shakhs kisi zameen par 12 saal tak musalsal, khulay aam aur malik ki marzi ke khilaf qabza rakhe, to muddat guzarne par asl malik ka dawa muddat-e-mi’ad se bahar ho jata hai. Is ka matlab ye hai ke qabza karne wale ka qabza qanooni tor par mazboot ho jata hai aur adalat malkiat ka faisla us ke haq mein de sakti hai.
Qabza-e-mukhalif ke liye teen sharaet lazmi hain: qabza khula ho (chhupa kar na rakha gaya ho), musalsal ho (12 saal baghair waqfe ke), aur malik ke haq ke inkar ke saath ho — yaani qabza karne wala khud ko malik samajh kar qabza rakhe. Agar qabza ijazat se ho (jaise kiraya ya theka), to wo qabza-e-mukhalif nahi kehlata.
Aam ghaltiyan: bohat se log 3 ya 5 saal jawab dete hain, lekin ye dusri qism ke dawon ki miyad hai. 20 saal wali uljhan aksar sarkari ya waqf ki zameen ke hawale se hoti hai; aam malki zameen ke liye durust muddat 12 saal hai. Chhupa hua qabza ya waqfe waqfe ka qabza is gin-ti mein nahi aata.
Pas-manzar aur amli misaal
Gaon dehat mein aksar aisa hota hai ke koi purani abad zameen ya chhori hui khet barson se koi aur shakhs kasht kar raha ho aur girdawari mein us ka naam darj hota chala jaye. Malik ko khabar hi nahi hoti, aur 12 saal guzar jate hain. Jab muqadma hota hai to adalat qabze ke saboot — girdawari record, gawah aur qabze ka tasalsul — dekhti hai.
Is liye malik ke liye mashwara ye hai ke agar zameen par koi najaiz qabza ho to foran qanooni notice dein aur adalat se ruju karein; 12 saal ka intezar dawe ko kamzor kar deta hai. Qabza karne wale ke liye bhi yehi qanoon ek wazeh rasta batata hai. Apne ilaqe ke patwari se girdawari record ki tasdeeq karwate rahein taake waqt par pata chal sake.
Video dekhen
Video dekhen: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIHI8XcYyiZo
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